配置apt-get的下载源

1、复制原文件备份

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2、编辑源列表文件

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3、将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容

注：jammy为系统版本号，根据不同系统修改不同版本号。

阿里云

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华云

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu源

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

4、运行

sudo apt-get update

5、运行

sudo apt-get upgrade

6、apt-get 常用命令

apt-cache search packagename 搜索包
apt-cache show packagename 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
apt-get install packagename 安装包
apt-get install packagename - - reinstall 重新安装包
apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = --fix-missing"
apt-get remove packagename 删除包
apt-get remove packagename - - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
apt-get update 更新源
apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
apt-cache depends packagename 了解使用依赖
apt-cache rdepends packagename 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
apt-get build-dep packagename 安装相关的编译环境
apt-get source packagename 下载该包的源代码
apt-get clean 清理无用的包
apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖